Recent studies have investigated the effect of nutrition on cataract formation. The results have been mixed, with some studies finding that there is a connection between nutrition and cataract formation and other studies finding none. Much interest has been focused on the use of antioxidant supplements as a protection against cataracts. Antioxidants, such as vitamins A, C, E, and beta-carotene, help the body neutralize oxygen-free radicals.
Smoking and alcohol intake, however, have been implicated in cataract formation, as have the use of oral corticosteriods and antihypertensive agents. Some studies have determined that a diet high in fat increases the likelihood of cataract formation, while an increase in foods rich in antioxidants reduces the incidence. More research is needed to determine the precise role played by diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and antioxidants in the formation of cataracts.
Some unrelated physical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, also may contribute to cataracts. Eye injuries and sun exposure also are causative factors.
There are several common symptoms of cataracts:
gradual, painless onset of blurry, filmy, or fuzzy vision
poor central vision
frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions
changes in color vision
increased glare from lights, especially oncoming headlights when driving at night
“second sight” improvement in near vision (no longer needing reading glasses)
poor vision in sunlight
presence of a milky whiteness in the pupil as the cataract progresses
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